Too many players, too many regulations…

India remained coupled with the ongoing global financial crisis albeit the extent of losses was small as compared to other nations where a lot of financial institutions collapsed. India, the favorite destination for foreign money witnessed an unusual concept ‘flight to safety’ which resulted in sharp depreciation of mutual funds’ assets under managements (AUMs). Some mutual funds defaulted in payments too but the timely action by SEBI along with RBI helped Indian mutual fund industry in achieving new heights in terms of AUM. Currently, the whole industry AUM stands at Rs 7.63 lakh crore with 38 pillars supporting the base. Many players entered the bandwagon witnessing the high growth rate year after year. SEBI announced a series of regulations in 2009 to protect the interests of investors and improve the liquidity conditions. SEBI started the year prohibiting the declaration of indicative portfolios and indicative yields in Fixed Maturity Plans (FMPs) by mutual fund and its distributors. It also directed liquid fund schemes to purchase debt and money market securities with maturity of up to 91 days only effective from May 01, 2009. It also directed all mutual fund players to discontinue the nomenclature of ‘liquid plus schemes’ as it gives a wrong impression of added liquidity. The above regulations were directed by SEBI witnessing the serious liquid crisis in Oct 2008. Investment in Liquid Fund schemes with papers with maturity up to 91 days only has drastically reduced the returns from 7-8 per cent to 2.5-3 per cent compounded annually. This has resulted in mass redemption from liquid fund schemes.
In India, mutual fund investment is a push-strategy rather than a pull strategy as mutual fund distributors sell the products in lieu of high upfront commissions paid from investors’ investments. The SEBI announced the most awaited decision of the Indian mutual fund history where it directed the mutual fund houses to scrap all entry loads effective from Aug 01, 2009 and empowered the distributors and independent financial advisors (IFAs) to negotiate the commission for the services rendered. The retail investors welcomed the ruling while the distributors and IFAs opposed the decision as their earnings were at stake. Indian investors are not comfortable in writing another cheque for distributors. The above ruling created a stir in mutual fund inflows in equity category and the investment dropped drastically month after month. Some large mutual fund houses dig their profits to incentivize the distributors and IFAs while it became a question of survival for small mutual fund players. Fund houses reacted by increasing the exit loads which were also later regulated by SEBI putting a cap up to 1 per cent for all redemptions within one year and no exit loads beyond 1 year. To some extent, fund houses started pushing Portfolio Management Services (PMS) where it earns a fixed return in lieu of services rendered.
The cautious approach by SEBI in regulating Indian mutual fund industry and empowering the investors with improved investment conditions resulted in an increase in total assets under Indian Mutual Fund houses. However, the equity schemes continued to witness the lackluster in terms of investments.
Come to Nov 30, 2009. The retail investors have found another opportunity in terms of investments. Mutual funds units are now allowed to trade through registered brokers of recognized stock exchanges and NSE has already provided an online trading platform to all brokers. Thus, the need for enhancing the reach of mutual fund schemes to more towns and cities will be addressed through this channel. The existing secondary market set up in 1500 towns and cities will provide another opportunity to retail investors to invest in mutual funds. To some extent, the issue of holding multiple statements of accounts would be taken care and all the mutual fund units would be in dematerialized form.
But the question remains - are we ready to swallow too many regulations in such a short span of time? May be or may not be. SEBI could have been slow in introducing the exemption of entry loads in a phased manner so that it could give some time to IFAs to settle with their new business environments. As per ICRA Online report, the average maturity period for equity stands at 2-3 years much lower than its fundamental rule of 5-10 years. Equity has always been termed as a long term investment product but the recent ruling of allowing mutual fund units may result in increased churning of mutual fund investments. Moreover, the transaction charges as levied by brokers stands at 0.3-0.5 per cent for retail investors on either side trading, thus, making it 0.6-1 per cent on both side transactions. Apart from this, the brokers may charge an additional fee for recommending mutual fund scheme to investors. Thus, the whole concept of zero entry-load vanishes and moreover, the churning will also increase putting an extra onus in terms of increased fund management charges as portfolio turnover ratio will increase. Mutual fund houses will also benefit in terms of frequent exit loads being charged from investors.
No doubt, SEBI rulings will help retail investors with improved investment environment but it should also monitor the other anomalies as mentioned above. Investors must have some reasons to smile and become an informed and disciplined player.

Financial Mess in Cosmopolitan working Women

For quite a long time women had been depressed in India before being given the opportunity to lead in parallel to men in all walks of life. Exceptional to everyone’s expectations, they performed well and proved their worth in personal and professional life both. But the cosmopolitan life have made these women extravagant splurging without checking their limits. So, the usual money-manager tag being given to women seems to die away and the money management remains a history for them now.

Sameera, in mid 20s, well-educated has been working in Mumbai for quite a long time. By God’s grace, she managed to start earning handsomely in few years of work making her more independent and giving her own identity. And similar to this, her lifestyle also changed shifting from Nokia GSM to Blackberry, splurging more on shopping, restaurant foods et al with minimum thinking on Personal Finance. They have the notion in mind that their dream men would bring all the charm and comforts to their life.

Let us understand Sameera’s financial position and read her lifestyles since she has been earning. She currently holds a credit card where she has got a significant dues pending, thanks to her openhanded expenses. She is still unaware of the various nuisances and hidden charges on her credit cards which the credit card company adds every now and then. Her fault is : she didn’t read the fine prints of credit card and neglected the nuisances of overspending on credit card. She also has a medical insurance provided by her current employer which is also not sufficient in city like Mumbai where medical expense can unbalance your financial kitty. In the name of life insurance, she has got nothing much, means she is under-insured. This is not the new story with a cosmopolitan unmarried earning girl. The story does not end here with Sameera. Rita, Deepali, Anjana, Midul and others share the same story and are least interested in future financial requirements.

Here are some reasons why working women should have balanced financial positions and should decide about it little early without ending into a financial mess:

1. First of all, they should have enough life insurance in terms of Pure Protection schemes. Should any unfortunate things happen in future, their nominee would get the entire sum assured. It works well when the women are married and are burdened by home loan debts, kids’ education expenses and other major expenses. And if they take insurance early in their life, it will cost less to them and there are additional discounts being offered to them by insurers due to less prone to risks.
2. Women should take medical insurance policy at an early stage, when the insurance seeker is not suffering from any ailment. This is important because as one ages, there is likelihood of developing ailments which can be fatal too. Moreover, women are more prone to health care services due to their inherent conditions.
3. Disciplined investment always pays well in the long term. The working women should make systematic investments into various saving products at an early age so as to get a compounding effect on their returns.
4. Since for many women, their dream job might be a dream for fulfilling their cherished dreams, they should avoid splurging and must keep checks on their expenses. Incase they use credit cards more often, they must pay the bill in time else the interests on credit card dues can put them in debt trap.

Smart work, smart thinking, multi-environment adaptability and loyalty to the company are some of the flying colour words which define today’s women but when it comes to their own money management skills, they score very low and mess their financial conditions. They must follow a disciplined approach towards their personal savings and check their expenses.

Is the time ripe for Indians to invest globally? What are the most attractive options for Indians to build a more global portfolio?

The global financial markets saw a series of events in the last two years with the abruption of subprime crisis followed by fall of investment banking behemoth Lehman Brothers in US. The whole process disrupted the world financial markets including India too, thus, giving a silent killing to the concept of ‘Decoupling’. The central banks in mutual relationship with their central governments declared a series of relief programs/packages. The combined global measures along with increased consumer consumption improved the global sentiments and markets performed comparatively better in 2009 YTD. India emerged as the 2nd best performer with a return of 73 per cent – its third best domestic performance in a year in its history-- in YTD 2009 followed by Brazil, Thailand, Taiwan, China etc. Russia remained at the top slot with an overall return of 90-plus per cent in YTD 2009. Nevertheless, other developed markets such as Japan’s index, S&P 500 etc gave returns in the range of 20 per cent.

Table 1- Performance of MSCI Indices
Indices YTD 1 Yr
MSCI EM Asia 59.88% 92.20%
MSCI BRIC 76.02% 105.63%
MSCI Europe 26.53% 39.73%
MSCI The World Index 20.51% 24.30%
MSCI G7 Index 17.36% 19.33%

A look on table 1 depicts a very clear picture that emerging markets have outperformed the world index and Europe and G7 index by a huge margin. The world index has given return of 20.51 per cent in YTD 2009 as compared to MSCI BRIC which gave 76.02%in YTD 2009. In terms of valuations, India is trading at 15x PE FY2011, near to its historical average of 14.2x while China and Hongkong is trading at 17.3x and 14.5x FY 2011. US’s S&P 500 is trading at 14.5x PE while Russia and Korea is trading in single digits. So, in terms of valuations, India has reached a stage comparable to world markets but the opportunities are endless in India in terms of returns.
The developed markets are still to experience a handsome improvement in various economic parameters. The treasury rates are still quoting at their all time lows prompting the global investors to invest in emerging markets like India. So, logically at this point, the time is not ripe for Indians to invest in global markets as the domestic market provides a better opportunity in terms of valuations and earnings.
Let us understand the need of global portfolio: Investors, by and large, build global portfolio primarily because of diversification opportunities they offer. However, global funds are subject to currency risk and country risk. The retail investors in India are still not financially educated to build a global portfolio on their own- the reason being the small tick size and lack of known avenues. The investors are still inclined towards bank deposits and other traditional investment products. In India, mutual funds have travelled a long path in building AUMs, currently hovering at Rs 7.5 trillion crore where global dedicated funds’ share stands at Rs 7.5 k crore as on Sept 2009 despite being allowed an exposure limit of $ 7 billion for overseas investments by Indian mutual funds.

Table 2- Performance of Global Funds (India)
_____________________ 1 Yr 3 Yr
Frankling Asia Equity Fund 60.79% 9.82%
Tata Growing Eco Infra Fund 83.28% -
ICICI Pru Indo Asia Equity Fund 89.19% -
Fidelity International Opportunites 71.63% -
Principal Global Opportunities Fund 68.75% 4.69%

The table 2 depicts the performance of global mutual funds operating out of India. Most of the funds are dedicated to Asia and emerging economies. They have given returns in the range of 60.79% to 89.19% in one-year category, much lesser than the diversified fund category of around 100 plus per cent. Some of the funds invest in global assets directly while others invest in overseas mutual funds, also known as feeder funds such as DSP BR World Energy Fund, Franklin India International Fund etc. In the current market rally, the domestic diversified funds have performed better than the global funds and there have been no clear trend for performance in global funds. However, the mutual fund route seems to be right option to build a global portfolio rightly through India’s dedicated global funds and foreign-based funds. Investors need to take into account of the volatile currency risk and country risk. In the near term, dollar has reached to its 14 month low value against Rupee. So, the concept of dollar carry trade is widely practiced in the investment circles. Global investors take the PN (participatory notes) and PE (private equity) route to invest in India while Indians mainly high-worth investors follow the PE and buy-out route. Some of the well defined ways to diversify internationally and build global portfolios are given below:
1. Index investments- If investors hope are a return close to average market return; it is advisable to go for passive funds such as ETFs.
2. Invest in global funds with low expenses.
3. Go for offshore funds as they offer tax advantages over onshore funds on profit accumulated.
4. Avoid funds with frequent turnover i.e. with high turnover ratio.
5. One can also invest in international shares directly. During the economic downturn, some of well known stocks such as Citi, JP Morgan, AIG etc were trading at excellent valuations.