Post the recent global economic crisis, there has been a significant shift in powers from developed nations to emerging market economies (EMEs). The sovereign crisis of European Countries, famously called as PIIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) have questioned the dominance of emerging nations. In order to boost the economy growth, several developed nations have pledged to keep their interest rates at or near zero for an elongated period. The sovereign ratings of PIIGS have been cut and their fiscal deficits have reached to a record high.
The Asian story depicts a different perspective; the strong domestic consumption especially in India and China has led to the rally in the economy which has forced the central banks and governments to roll back their accommodative measures to tame the inflation. Out of these issues, it remains an important question how developed our bond markets – government bonds and corporate bonds are and it helps in measuring the pulse of the economy.
While the Asia-Pacific countries have made a good progress in developing local corporate bond market, they have a long way to go ahead. In India, Government Securities market are fairly developed on account of large quantum of government borrowings which have led to active trading and price discovery in securities of all tenures. However, in corporate bond market, we have a long way to go.
M. T. Raju, Upasana Bhutani and Anubhuti Sahay (2004) in their working paper “Corporate Debt Market in India – Key Issues and Policy Recommendations” have rightly pointed out for the need of “Single Trading Platform” instead of different platforms operated under NSE, BSE and FIMMDA. It tells that the different platforms allow liquidity bifurcated. They also emphasized the need of repo market in corporate debt. Recently, the RBI allowed the repo trading in corporate bond which might provide the liquidity in corporate bonds. In another commentary report by Standard & Poors – “Fostering Robust Credit Cultures Is Key to Developing Deep and Liquid Corporate Bond Markets in Asia-Pacific”, Thomas G Schiller rightly pointed out that many Asia-Pacific seek to build market maturity and sophistication so as to attract many issuers to their countries. They have been emphasizing on robust credit cultures which are built on key elements such as transparency, independent and objective credit analysis, risk-based pricing, creditors’ rights and arm’s length relationships. In his commentary, he explained about the growing and maturing corporate bond markets in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Taiwan, and emerging markets in China, India and Thailand. About India, he mentions that India is a mostly sound credit culture that is still improving in some areas such as creditors’ rights. India’s corporate bond market is small but growing rapidly. Issuance grew by about 60 per cent over the two years to end-financial year March 31, 2010. However, the recent regulatory developments are enabling bond market development, including: the easing of issuance and listing requirements; the enhancement of disclosure requirements for issuers; the clearing of bonds through stock exchanges; and the introduction of credit default swaps (CDS) and interest rate swaps. He concluded that the process of building capital markets in banking dominated environment is a long and laborious one because it involves changing of a country’s business culture.
